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Classification

Concept

Types of Infectious Diseases

Group 1

Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases spread through bioterrorism or those with a high fertility rate or a high risk of mass outbreak, requiring immediate reporting upon the outbreak or prevalence thereof and a high degree of isolation such as negative pressure isolation (including, however, infectious diseases designated by the Commissioner of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency in consultation with the Minister of Health and Welfare for urgent prevention and management due to the anticipated sudden influx or prevalence into the country).

Ebola virus disease, Marburg fever, Lassa fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, South American hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever, smallpox, plague, anthrax, botulism, tularemia, emerging infectious diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS), avian influenza infection in human, new influenza, and diphtheria

Group 2

Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases that need to be reported within 24 hours upon the outbreak of prevalence considering the possibility of transmission (including, however, infectious diseases designated by the Commissioner of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency in consultation with the Minister of Health and Welfare for urgent prevention and management due to the anticipated sudden influx or prevalence into the country)

Tuberculosis, chickenpox, measles, cholera, typhoid, paratyphoid, bacillary dysentery, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli infections, viral hepatitis A, pertussis, mumps, rubella, poliomyelitis, Neisseria meningitidis infections, haemophilus influenzae type B, pneumococcus infections, Hansen's disease, scarlet fever, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) infections, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections, and hepatitis E

Group 3

Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases that need to be reported within 24 hours upon the outbreak or prevalence due to the need for continuous monitoring (including, however, infectious diseases designated by the Commissioner of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency in consultation with the Minister of Health and Welfare for urgent prevention and management due to the anticipated sudden influx or prevalence into the country).

Tetanus, viral hepatitis B, Japanese encephalitis, viral hepatitis C, malaria, legionella, vibrio vulnificus septicemia, typhus fever, murine typhus, tsutsugamushi disease, leptospirosis, brucellosis, rabies, Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), yellow fever, Dengue fever, Q fever, West Nile fever, tick-borne encephalitis, melioidosis, chikungunya fever, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), Zika virus infection, syphilis, and monkeypox

Group 4

Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases that need to be reported within 24 hours upon the outbreak or prevalence considering the possibility of transmission (including infectious diseases designated by the Minister of Health and Welfare for urgent prevention and management due to an anticipated sudden domestic influx or prevalence)

Influenza, syphilis, ascariasis, trichocephaliasis, oxyuriasis, paragonimiasis, fasciolopsis buski, hand-foot and mouth disease, gonorrhea, chlamydia infection, chancroid, genital herpes, condyloma acuminata, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRSA) infection, Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB) infection, intestinal infection, and acute respiratory infection Imported parasitic infections, enterovirus infection, human papillomavirus infection, and COVID-19

Parasitic Infections

Infectious diseases caused by parasitic infestation

Ascariasis, trichocephaliasis, oxyuriasis, paragonimiasis, fasciolopsis buski, and imported parasitic infections

Infectious Diseases under Surveillance by the World Health Organization

Infectious diseases proclaimed by the Commissioner of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency among illnesses monitored by the World Health Organization to prepare for a state of emergency

Smallpox, polio, new influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), cholera, pneumonic plague, yellow fever, viral hemorrhagic fever, and West Nile fever

Infectious Diseases Spread through Bioterrorism

Infectious diseases proclaimed by the Commissioner of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency among infectious diseases caused by pathogens used for intentional purposes or terrorist attacks

Anthrax, botulism, plague, Marburg fever, Ebola virus disease, Lassa fever, smallpox, and tularemia

Sexually Transmitted Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases proclaimed by the Commissioner of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency among infectious diseases transmitted through sexual contact

Syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia infection, soft sensation, chancroid, genital herpes, condyloma acuminata, and human papilloma virus infection

Zoonosis

Infectious diseases announced by the Commissioner of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency among infectious diseases caused by pathogens that spread between animals and humans

Enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli infections, Japanese encephalitis, Brucellosis, anthrax, rabies, animal influenza infection in human, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), Q fever, tuberculosis, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), and intestinal infections (salmonella and campylobacter)

Medical-related Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases proclaimed by the Commissioner of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency due to the need for monitoring among infectious diseases caused while receiving medical treatment for patients and pregnant women

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) infection, Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) infection, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) infection, Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA) infection, Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii (MRAB) infection, and Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection

Name of Infectious Disease

Initial Symptoms

Coronavirus infection - 19

(COVID-19)

·Various to severe respiratory infections such as fever, malaise, cough, difficulty in breathing, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome

· In rare cases, sputum, sore throat, headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis and nausea also appear

Tuberculosis

·Coughing (In the early stages of pulmonary tuberculosis, a dry cough without sputum, then gradually progresses to having a cough with sputum. However, coughing is the most common symptom of most respiratory diseases such as common cold, bronchitis, and smoking, as well as tuberculosis, and thus coughing for more than two weeks must be suspected of tuberculosis.)

·Helplessness, loss of appetite, and weight loss (Mycobacterium tuberculosis very slowly proliferates, consuming nutrients from our body and destroying tissues and organs. That is why many patients with tuberculosis have no energy, no appetite and suffer weight loss.)

·Fever (tuberculosis, unlike the common cold and fever, rarely causes 39 degrees or 40 degrees high fever. Instead, in the afternoon, a slight fever occurs, feeling a little unwell, and then the symptom of dropping fever repeats. Typical tuberculosis patients sweat a lot when they sleep)

·Dyspnea (the lung is an organ that absorbs oxygen from the air and emits carbon dioxide. However, if pulmonary tuberculosis is not treated in the early stages, granulomas and cavities are formed here and there in the lungs and the lung tissue is damaged, so the lung function gradually deteriorates, eventually Even small movements can cause shortness of breath.)

Hand-foot and mouth disease

·Starts with fever, sore throat, and lack of appetite

· On day 1 or 2 after the fever, vesicular papule appears on the palm, fingers, and soles of the feet

·Gastric lesions appear on the mucous membrane of the cheeks, gum or tongue

·Sometimes it appears on the hip, but often only rash, not bulla.

·Although the symptoms mostly resemble those of a common cold, in rare cases, infected newborn babies with not incomplete immune systems may pass away

Ebola virus

·High fever, headache, muscle aches, stomach pains, fatigue, diarrhea, sore throat, hiccups, rashes, bloodshot eyes, and bloody vomit within days of infection

·Chest pain, shock, death, blindness, bleeding, etc. may occur within a week of infection

·High fertility rate of 22-90%

Influenza

·The incubation period is 1 to 4 days (2 days on average), and it spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets that are released when coughing or sneezing from the first day of the symptoms to the fifth day after onset

·Constitutional symptoms of sudden fever over 38 degrees, headache, muscle pain, fatigue, etc. and respiratory symptoms such as sore throat, coughing, and sputum appear and in rare cases, abdominal pain, vomiting, and spasm occur

Typhoid fever

·The incubation period is usually 1 to 3 weeks, but it depends on the amount of germs. The major symptoms and signs include fever, headache, malaise, lack of appetite, relative bradycardia, splenectasis, rose rash, and dry cough. The characteristics show that the fever rises slowly and becomes persistent, and then becomes a remittent fever before being alleviated. If not treated, the disease will last 3-4 weeks

 ·In general, constipation is more common than diarrhea. Although the characteristics show that the reduction of white blood cells, especially eosinophil, and mild symptoms are common but non-typical symptoms of severe illness also occur. If not treated, ulcers develop in Peyer's patches of ileum, resulting in intermittent hemorrhage or perforation. Severe symptoms may develop in the central nervous system

·Continuous fever, expressionless face, mild difficulty in hearing, and mumps may also occur. Surgical complications include intestinal perforation, intestinal obstruction, arthritis, osteomyelitis, acute cholecystitis and pyothorax. Death rate is 10%, but early treatment with antibiotics can reduce the rate to less than 1%

Measles

·High fever, coughing, runny nose, conjunctivitis, and a characteristic lupus papule following Koplik's spots on the mucous membrane of the mouth

·Diarrhea, otitis media, bronchitis, capillary bronchitis, croup, bronchial pneumonia, etc.

Yellow fever

· Symptoms include fever, muscle pain, chills, headache, loss of appetite, vomiting, etc. Usually after three to four days, symptoms disappear, but about 15% of patients enter the toxophore

·The patients in the toxophore develop fever again and rapidly develop symptoms of jaundice, stomachache, vomiting, etc. It may also cause bleeding in the eyes, nose, mouth, and gastrointestinal tract, and acute renal failure